Transmission with hydrodynamic brake and torque converter



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TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER 8 SheetsSheet 1 Original Filed Dec. 22, N55

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TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Dec. 22 1955 INVE NTORS Attorney May 1, 1% H. w. CHRISTENSON ETAL 3,319,746

TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER Original Filed Dec. 22, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS Attorney y 1967 H. w. CHRESTENSON ETAL 3,319,746

TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER Original Filed Dec. 22, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 \g% III! III! III! iii: i211 LI :5

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TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER Original Filed Dec. 22, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 flaw/Md Attorney y 1967 H. w. CHRISTENSON ETAL 3,319,746

TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER Original Filed Dec. 22, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 a 777w? 6. Q2257??? Attomey May M, 197 H. w. CHRISTENSON ETAL y 3,3 9,7

TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER Original Filed Dec. 22. 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTORS Attorney W, Wm H. w. CHRISTENSON ETAL 3,319,746

TRANSMISSION WITH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CONVERTER 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Original Filed Dec. 22 1955 INVE N TOR 5 z 'fr/yiwz fawm Z ffiafgi 77/272? 6, 0 29/56:

M: Attorney baa United States Patent 3,319,746 TRANSMESSIGN WHTH HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE AND TORQUE CGNVERTER Howard W. Christenson, llndianapolis, lnd., Edward T. Mahiey, Bloonifieid Hills, Mich, and Mark E. Fisher, Carmel, Ind, assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware Original application Dec. 22, 1955, Ser. No. 554,866, now Patent No. 3,255,642, dated June 14, 1966. Divided and this application Oct. 21, 1965, Ser. No. 499,778

Claims. (Cl. 1924) This invention relates to transmission and particularly to a torque converter and lockup clutch and controls therefor and is a division of applicants application Ser. No. 554,866, filed Dec. 22, 1955, now Patent No. 3,255,642, dated June 14, 1966.

The transmission employing a torque converter, a lockup clutch and six ratio gear transmission provides a wide range of torque multiplication particularly adapted for use on heavy trucks. The engine driven transmission input member is connected alternatively through either a hydrokinetic torque converter to provide torque multiplication or through a lockup clutch to provide direct drive to the transmission gearing consisting of a splitter gear unit providing two ratios and a three ratio gear unit providing three forward ratios and reverse. The converter and lockup clutch output shaft is connected to the splitter unit which provides splitter low, an underdrive, and splitter high, a direct drive. The splitter unit is connected to the three ratio unit which provides low, intermediate and high forward ratios and reverse. The splitter low and splitter high of the splitter unit in combination with each of the three forward ratios of the three ratio unit provide six forward ratios. The gearing is controlled so that low in the three ratio unit in combination with splitter low and splitter high provides first and second ratio, respectively, that intermediate of the three ratio unit in combination with splitter low and high provides third and fourth ratio, respectively, and that high of the three ratio unit in combination with splitter low and splitter high of the splitter unit provide fifth and sixth ratio, re spectively. One ratio is provided in reverse since the splitter unit will not upshift because rear pump pressure does not condition the control valve for a shift. Any one of three forward ranges or reverse, to wit, drive range D, providing automatic shifting from the third through the sixth ratio, intermediate range Int, provid ing automatic shifting between third and fourth ratios, low range Lo, providing automatic shifting between first and second ratios and reverse R, providing reverse may be selected by a manual control valve.

When the vehicle is started in first ratio, the low range starting gear or third ratio, the intermediate and high range starting gear, the converter lockup clutch is automatically controlled by the speed of the vehicle and the throttle pedal position to engage the clutch when converter torque multiplication is no longer necessary and before a shift to second or fourth ratio is made. The lockup clutch is also disengaged during each ratio change interval under either manual or automatic control, to connect the drive through the converter which will, due to the slip and the torque multiplication, reduce shock and smooth out the ratio change in the gearing. The lockup clutch control also reduces the pressure in the torque converter and ratio clutches when the lockup clutch is engaged. Thus when the lockup clutch is disengaged during shifting, the converter provides a smooth shift.

The hydraulic control system is conditioned by positioning the manual selector valve for operation in reverse, providing reverse, neutral, drive range providing automatic control between third and sixth ratios, intermediate range providing automatic control between third and fourth ratios and low range providing automatic control between first and second ratios. In the low range, the manual valve hydraulically positions the low intermediate shift valve to direct fluid to the low clutch to engage low ratio in the three speed unit and disables the intermediate high shift valve. In the intermediate range the manual valve permits a spring to position the low intermediate shift valve to connect the line pressure through the intermediate high shift valve, which is hydraulically held in intermediate position by the manual valve, to the intermediate clutch. In high range the manual valve releases the intermediate high shift valve for automatic shifting under the influence of vehicle speed and throttle position to high gear. The splitter shift valve, which controls the ratio of the splitter unit in all forward ranges, after being conditioned for an upshift by vehicle movement, is controlled by a throttle force and three different speed governor forces to provide splitter low or high, the first speed force to provide either first or second ratio in low range when the three ratio unit is in low gear, the second to provide either third or fourth ratio in intermediate and high range when the three ratio unit is in, intermediate gear, and the third to provide either fifth or sixth ratio in high range when the three ratio unit is in high gear. The splitter shift valve and the intermediate high shift valves, though normally positioned by a spring when inactive, are conditioned for automatic operation by disabling the spring, so they function during the automatic control period as a rateless valve actuated only by throttle and speed forces.

The exhaust, from the splitter low clutch line, is connected to an exhaust control valve which delays the disengagement of this clutch and maintains a controlled pressure in this clutch motor during disengagement substantially inversely proportional to the pressure in the splitter high clutch motor during engagement to provide a controlled overlap during the shift. The throttle pressure which is proportional to the throttle pedal position acts on the exhaust control valve to increase the exhaust pressure with increasing throttle pedal position to provide greater overlap for open throttle upshifts than for closed throttle upshifts. A limited quantity of make-up oil is available during the ratio change interval to maintain or increase the exhaust pressure to make up for leakage. When the higher ratio clutch is engaged, the pressure in that clutch line increases, and acts on the exhaust control valve to connect the exhaust line to the sump. The exhaust from the intermediate clutch on a shift to high gear is similarly controlled. The downshift timing valve, on high throttle upshifts from low to intermediate ratio in the three ratio unit, provides a rapid application of the intermediate clutch to prevent engine runaway, on low throttle upshifts from low to intermediate, provides a restricted or slow application of the intermediate clutch for a smooth shift, and on a downshift from high to intermediate, provides a restricted or slow application of the intermediate clutch to permit the engine to increase speed before clutch engagement.

The manually actuated hydraulic control system for shifting into first ratio and reverse is always maintained full of oil so that first ratio and reverse can be quickly engaged to rock the vehicle for traction in snow, mud, etc.

A hydrodynamic brake having vanes mounted on the converter output shaft and rotates between fixed reaction vanes in a brake chamber. A brake control valve controls the amount of oil in the chamber to obtain the proper degree of braking. The brake outlet pressure which is high due to the centrifugal action of the brake acts on a pressure regulator valve unit for the transmission control system to increase the pressure and engaging force on the ratio motors.

The object of the invention is to provide an automatic transmission having a wide range of torque conversion including a torque converter and a converter lockup clutch alternately driving a two ratio planetary splitter gear unit which drives a three ratio and reverse planetary gear unit to provide drive through the torque converter or lockup clutch and one of six forward ratios or reverse provided by the gear units.

Another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic transmission having a torque converter, a two ratio splitter gear unit, and a three ratio gear unit, a lockup clutch which is automatically controlled in response to a governor pressure proportional to the speed of the output shaft of the two ratio gear unit.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a transmission having a two ratio splitter gear unit and a three ratio gear unit, an automatic control system for the splitter unit and a manual and automatic control system for the three ratio unit having means to set the gear ratio in a three ratio unit and to modify the action of the automatic control to shift the splitter unit at different vehicle speeds.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a transmission having a two ratio splitter gear unit and a three ratio gear unit, an automatic control for shifting the splitter unit, a manual control for shifting between low and intermediate in the three ratio unit and at the same time changing the shift points in the automatic control for the splitter unit, and also settable to position the three ratio unit in intermediate and provide an automatic shift between intermediate and high and change the shift points of the automatic control of the splitter unit.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic transmission shift control to control the pressure of the exhaust from the motor for the ratio clutch being released in relation to the engine throttle position and the pressure in the motor for the ratio clutch being applied to control the clutch engagement overlap during shifting to modify the overlap with engine throttle.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a multiple ratio transmission having an automatic control for the exhaust pressure from the motor for the ratio clutch being released depending upon other operating conditions of the vehicle and transmission, a make-up fluid feed of limited volume supplied during the time period when another servo motor for a ratio clutch is being applied to maintain the proper overlap controlled by vehicle and transmission conditions to eliminate variations due to changes in leakage.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a multiple ratio transmission having automatic and manual controls for a plurality of gear units, a control to effect a downshift from one ratio to another of one of the gear units and at the same time to momentarily inhibit a downshift of the other gear unit.

Another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic control system for a multiratio transmission, a shift valve for controlling clutch motors wherein the exhaust of one motor is applied to the shift valve to increase the hysteresis to prevent a return shift before the other motor is applied and pressure in the other motor supplies the hysteresis.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a multiratio transmission having fluid pressure motors engaging ratio drives and a hydrodynamic brake, a pressure regulator valve to regulate the pressure for the transmission and brake control system controlled by the brake exhaust pressure to increase pressure in the transmission control system in proportion to torque absorption of the brake.

Another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic multiratio transmission having a torque converter and a converter lockup clutch alternatively connected to multiratio gearing, a control system having a pressure regulator valve and a lockup clutch control valve which effects engagement of the lockup clutch and at times reduces pressure in the main line.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a multiratio transmission having a torque converter and a converter lockup clutch alternatively connected to multiratio gearing, a lockup clutch control to engage the lockup clutch to transmit torque and to reduce the pressure in the torque converter.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a multiratio transmission having low, intermediate and high ratio motors, a control to freely supply the intermediate motor on an upshift and to restrict the supply to the intermediate motor on a downshift.

Another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic transmission control, a rateless shift valve responsive to speed and throttle position having a spring holding the valve in the one position and a vehicle speed control activating the valve for control by speed and throttle position.

Another object of the invention is to provide a lockup clutch having an annular cylinder and piston assembly including a Belleville spring anchored and sealed to the inner diameter of the cylinder, and carrying adjacent the outer diameter the lockup clutch pressure plate and having a sliding seal with the outer diameter of the cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide in combination with an engine having a governed maximum speed and an automatic transmission having a speed governor and throttle position controlled automatic shift, an additional throttle range providing a higher force to prevent a shift except at engine speeds above the governed maximum speed.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawings in which:

FIGS. 1 and 3 to 9, when arranged in accordance with the showing in FIG. 2, constitute a composite drawing of the transmission and the hydraulic control system.

FIG. 10 shows the regulated pressure curves.

The transmission has a power train consisting of a torque converter 15 or a converter lockup or direct drive clutch 70 which alternatively connect the engine to the gearing, and the gearing which consists of a two ratio splitter planetary gear unit 115 and a three forward ratio and reverse planetary unit 190, which provides six forward ratios and reverse, and a hydraulic control system which functions in Reverse (R), Neutral (N), Drive 'Range (D), Intermediate Range (Int) and Low Range (L0) as set by the manual selector valve to manually and automatically condition the power train for drive in the proper ratio.

The structural features of the torque converter 15, lockup clutch 70, gearing, ratio clutches and the hydrodynamic brake are illustrated in the upper portion of composite drawing consisting of FIGS 1, 3 and 4. The transmission housing 10 consists of a converter portion 11, a churn brake and splitter gear portion 12 and a three ratio gear unit portion 13.

Converter The converter portion 11 (FIG. 1) of the housing encloses the torque converter 15 and is open at the forward end and may be secured by flange 16 to the flywheel housing at the rear of an engine. The converter impeller housing 17 which encloses the converter 15 and lockup clutch 70 has a disk-like forward wall 18 having an annular depression 19 around the centrally located forwardly extending pilot tube 21. The pilot tube 21 has a bearing 22 which fits in a bore at the rear end of an engine shaft (not shown). The engine shaft is drivingly connected to the impeller housing 17 by an annular flex plate 23 secured to the engine shaft flange and wall 18. The wall 18 has a rearwardly extending portion terminating in flange which is secured to flange 76 of the impeller 26.

The rear portion of the impeller housing 17 provides an impeller shell 26 which carries a plurality of blades 27. The impeller drives a turbine 31 which carries a plurality of blades 32. The dual stator consists of a first bladed stator 33 mounted by one-way clutch 34 on the ground sleeve 35 and a second bladed stator 37 mounted by one-way clutch 3-8 on the ground sleeve 35. The impeller 26 has an inner shroud 46 having at its lower edge a horizontal extension 47 extending over the shroud 48 of the second stator 37. The turbine 31 has a shroud 51 having at the lower edge a horizontal portion 52 extending over the shroud 53 of the first stator 33. Also, the space between the horizontal portions and the stator shrouds are offset to further reduce leakage out of the converter torus chamber. The shroud 51 has an annular bulbous portion 54 at the upper side to provide removable metal to balance the turbine blading. The turbine 31 is secured to the mid-portion of disk 58 which is splined to the converter output shaft 59 and axially fixed by split ring 60 and thrust washer 61.

The forward end of the converter output shaft 59 is rotatably mounted in bushing 66 mounted in the support sleeve 67 which is secured by suitable means such as weld 68 within the pilot tube 21 of wall 18. The disk 58 has an outer portion 71 which is connected by spline 72 to the driven disk 73 of the lockup or direct drive clutch 71). The fixed driving plate 74 of the lockup clutch has an outer flange located and bolted between the securing flange 75 of the forward wall 18 and the flange 76 of the impeller shell 26 of the converter impeller housing 17. The wall 18 and support sleeve 67 form the cylinder 77 in which the piston 78 is located. The piston 78 has an annular stiffening plate 79 secured to annular spring disk 81 positioned and sealed at its inner diameter on the support 67 by ring 82. The piston portion 79 has recesses for pins 84 on studs 23 which prevent relative rotation of the piston. The outer edge of the piston 78 has a sliding seal with a cooperating surface 811 on wall 18 shaped to contact the piston during movement. Fluid to move the piston 78 to the right to engage the lockup clutch is supplied by lockup clutch line 90 to the cylinder 77. The spring disk 81 and converter pressure release the lockup clutch.

The converter impeller housing 17 has at the inner edge a radial extension providing a bearing support 87 to rotatably mount the housing 17 on thrust bearing 88 which is secured by retainer 91 to support 87 and secured by ring 92 and spacer 89 against a shoulder on ground sleeve 35. Spacer 89 locates the one-way clutches 34 and 38. The converter inlet line 180 is connected through the ground sleeve 35 and delivers oil through the bearing 88 and the space between the second stator 37 and the impeller 27 to the converter chamber. The converter oil flows out through the space between the turbine 31 and the first stator 33 and slots in washer 61 to the outlet line 181. The partition 103 between the torque converter portion 11 and splitter gear portion 12 of the transmission housing has a support ring 194 to which the ground sleeve 35 is secured. The front pump 186 secured to the converter side of the partition 103 is of the internal external gear type and is driven by sleeve 107 formed as an extension of support portion 87 of the impeller 26.

Transmission gearing splitter gear unit The converter output shaft 59 is supported by a bearing 111 in the ground sleeve 35 and has a radial flange 112 at the end (FIG. 3) secured to the driving disk 113 which is connected by suitable gear splines at its outer edge to the input ring gear 114 of the front planetary splitter gear unit 115. The ring gear 114 meshes with pinions 116 mounted on the output carrier 117 which has a rearward portion 118 splined and longitudinally positioned by a ring to the intermediate shaft 119 which is the output from splitter unit 115. The intermediate shaft 119 has at its forward end a pilot portion 121 which is rotatably supported in the bearing 122 in bore 123 in the end of the converter shaft 59. The thrust bearing or washer 126 is located between the faces on the ground sleeve 35 and flange 112 of converter shaft 59 and a thrust washer 127 between flange 112 and the hub 118 of carrier 117 limits forward movement of shaft 119.

Planetary pinions 116 mesh with sun gear 131 which is connected by splines 132 to the control housing 133 which has an outer cylindrical portion consisting of splines 134. The splitter low ground clutch 136 has a plate connected by the splines to the control housing and located between a fixed abutment portion 137 and face 138 of the annular piston 139. The piston 139 of the splitter low motor reciprocates in the annular cylinder 141 formed in the partition 142 of the transmission housing located between the splitter portion 12 and the three ratio portion 13. The partition 142 has a central support sleeve portion 143 for sleeve bearing 144 for the intermediate shaft 119. The sun gear 131 is axially located between a thrust washer engaging the hub 118 of carrier 117 and thrust washer 146 engaging sleeve 143. The Belleville spring 151 is anchored by a split ring 152 to the support 143 and has an outer edge engaging abutment ring 153 at the inner edge of piston 139 to retract the piston. Splitter low clutch line supplies oil to cylinder 141 to engage clutch 136 and spring 151 releases it. The carrier 117 has a rearwardly extending portion 155 having splines 156 connected to alternate plates of splitter high clutch 157. The intermediate plates of clutch 157 are connected by splines 134 to control housing 133 and are axially movable on the splines and located between the fixed abutment 158 fixed on the splines 134- and the axially movable face 159 on the splitter low motor piston 161 located in cylinder 162. Splines 163 on piston 161 engage splines 134 to rotate the piston with the cylinder. The cylinder is supplied with the oil by splitter high clutch line to engage clutch 157 to lock carrier 117 and sun 131 together for splitter high or direct drive and released by Belleville spring 164.

Hydrodynamic brake The brake rotor 171 is secured to the driving disk 113 mounted on the torque converter output shaft 59. The rotor 171 having an annular series of blades 173 and a central stiffening rib 174 is mounted for rotation in cavity 175 between fixed blades 176 on the rear side of the partition 103 and fixed blades 177 on housing member 178. The brake inlet line 180 enters this chamber about midway between the inner and outer diameter of fixed blades 177. The brake outlet line 181 is connected to the brake cavity by a tangential port located in radial alignment with rotor blade 173 and at the radial outermost portion of the brake cavity 175.

T lzree ratio unit The intermediate shaft 119 which connects the splitter unit 115 to the three ratio and reverse planetary unit (FIGS. 3 and 4) terminates in a pilot portion 182 rotatably mounted in bearing 183 in the pilot bore 184 of the final drive shaft 185. Final drive shaft 185' is rotatably mounted and axially located in a thrust bearing (not shown) in the rear wall 186 of the transmission housing. The drive sleeve 191 for the high ratio clutch is mounted on shaft 119 by splines 189 and extends forward over sleeves 143 and 144. The drive sleeve 191 is connected at its forward end to the radial disk 192 which drives the splined clutch driving drum 193. The driving drum 193, the supporting disk 192 and sleeve 191 are secured as a unit to the intermediate shaft 119 and provide an annular cylinder 209. A power take-off gear 194 is mounted on the external surface of drum 193. The axially fixed clutch abutment 196 and the axially movable clutch driving plates 197 are splined on the internal surface of drum 193. Clutch driven plates 198 are splined to the driven drum 199 mounted on the carrier assembly 206. Movable clutch face 207 is formed 7 on the annular high clutch piston 208 located in the cylinder 209.

The high clutch cylinder 209 is engaged by fluid supplied by high clutch line 210 and released by spring 214. A centrifugal dump ball valve 211 closed by pressure and opened by centrifugal force is located in a passage 212 in the piston 208 extending from the cylinder 209, through the piston to the sump for fast clutch release.

The front governor 215 consists of an annular oil trough 216 secured to clutch drum 193 which is filled with oil from port 715 in partition 142 and Pitot tube 217 secured on partition 142 which is connected to front governor line 220. The trough 216 rotates the oil at intermediate shaft or splitter gear output speed past the Pitot tube 217 to provide a pressure in the front governor line 220 proportional to intermediate shaft speed.

The clutch driven drum 199 is formed as a portion of the carrier assembly 206 which also has a portion 226 (FIG. 4) for the intermediate planetary pinions 227 which mesh with the intermediate sun gear 228 splined to the intermediate shaft 119 and the intermediate reaction ring gear 229. The ground clutch plate 231 may be integral with or splined to the gear 229 and is located between the fixed clutch abutment 232 formed as a portion of the housing and a clutch pressure plate 233. The pressure plate 233 is released by spring 235 and engaged by the Belleville spring lever 234 which pivots at its outer diameter in an annular bore 236 in the housing, engages at its midportion on an annular fulcrum ridge on the pressure plate 233 and engages at its inner edge the annular ring 237 on the piston 238 of the intermediate motor. It will be noted that the annular piston 238 is L-shaped with the radially disposed portion sealed to an internal cylindrical bore 239 in the housing and the axially disposed cylindrical portion sealed to the smaller bore 241 on the abutment 242.

Carrier assembly 206 also has a ring gear 251 splined to carrier 226 and meshing with pinions 252 on the output carrier 253 on the output shaft 185. Pinions 252 mesh with the sun gear 254 splined on intermediate shaft 119. The ring gear 251 has splined thereto the low ratio ground clutch plate 256 located between fixed abutment 257 and pressure plate 258. Pressure plate is released by springs 260 and engaged by a Belleville spring 259 acting as an apply lever having an outer diameter pivoted in bore 261, a central portion engaging an annular fulcrum ridge 262 on the pressure plate 258, and an inner portion engaging an annular abutment 263 on the piston 264. The low clutch motor consists of piston 264 located in the annular cylinder 267 formed in partition 269 and is supplied with fluid by low clutch line 270 to apply the low clutch.

The partition 269 of the transmission housing between the three ratio gearing and the reverse gearing centrally supports a bearing sleeve 281 which rotatably supports the reverse sun gear sleeve shaft 282 which is connected by the driving disk 283 to ring gear 251 and thus to carrier assembly 206. The sleeve shaft 282 has at its rear end a sun gear 286 meshing with planetary pinions. 287 mounted on carrier 288 splined to final drive shaft 185. Pinions 287 also mesh with the reaction ring gear 291 which is secured to a ground clutch plate 292 located between a fixed abutment 293 on the housing and a movable pressure plate 294. The pressure plate is released by springs 295 and engaged by an annular lever spring 296 having its outer edge pivoted in a bore 297 in the transmission housing, an intermediate portion engaging an abutment ring 298 on the pressure plate 294, and an inner portion engaging an abutment 299 on the piston 301. The piston 301 of the reverse clutch motor fits in an annular cylinder 303 and is fed by fluid through the reverse clutch line 310 to apply the reverse clutch. The sun gear sleeve shaft 282 is axially located between forward carrier 253 and reverse carrier 288 on the final 8 drive shaft 185, and also locates carrier assembly 206, which is fixed by disk 283 to the sleeve shaft 282.

The rear governor 309 has an annular can 311, mounted on the reverse carrier 288 so that it revolves with the final drive shaft 185, has stamped indentations 312 extending around the periphery to form fins to cause the oil supplied by orifice 331 (FIG. 9) in line 329 in the pump body to rotate substantially at output shaft speed. The Pitot tube 314, faces toward the approaching rotating fluid, and provides a pressure proportional to the speed of revolution of the final drive shaft and is connected to the rear governor line 320. The rear pump 321 of the internal external gear type has the internal gear splined to the sleeve portion of carrier 288 on output shaft 185.

Controls The hydraulic control and lubrication system for this transmission is supplied with oil under pressure by the front pump 106 and rear pump 321 (FIG. 9). The front pump 106 draws the fluid such as oil via inlet line 326 from the transmission sump and is connected to deliver oil through the front pump line 327. The rear pump 321 draws oil from the sump through the inlet line 328 and is connected to deliver oil to the rear pump line 329. An orifice bleed 331 in line 329 feeds the rear governor can 311 and regulates the pressure in the rear pump line 329 so that it is proportional to pump speed and thus output shaft or vehicle speed to provide a second output speed responsive governor pressure. The rear pump 321 is primed by an orificed connection 332 between a front pump, such as ratio change line 425 and rear pump line 329.

Referring to FIG. 7 the front pump line 327 is connected through ball check valve 334 to the bore of dual check valve 333 and the rear pump line 329 is connected through ball check valve 336 to the bore of valve 333 which is connected to main line 340 to permit either pump to supply oil to the control system. The pressure in main line 340 is regulated by pressure control unit 341.

Pressure control unit The pressure control unit 341 consists of a regulator valve 343 which is controlled by a throttle and lockup clutch pressure regulator plug 346, brake regulator plugs 347 and 348 and lockup knockdown plug 349. Regulator valve 343 has a large land a at the upper or exhaust end, a large central land b and a smaller land 0 at the other end. The lands a and b fit in the large diameter portion 351 of the valve bore located above the port 352 for main line 340. The land c fits in the smaller diameter bore portion 353 located below the port 352. The main line 340 isalways open through the port 352 through the valve. When the valve is in the closed position, as illustrated in FlG. 7, the land b closes port 355 for the secondary line 356 which feeds the converter and brake. The main line 340 fills the space between the unbalanced lands b and c and the oil tends to move the valve up to uncover the port 355 to supply oil to the line 356. The port 358 located between the balanced lands a and b of valve 343 is connected to the front pump line 327. The port 358 is long and has intermediate its length a guide 359 which has slots to provide fluid communication between the two portions of the port. The oil in port 358 acts on the balanced areas a and b and thus does not tend to move the valve. With the valve in the closed position shown, the exhaust port 361 is covered by land a. The exhaust from port 361 is connected to low pressure line 362 to provide a low pressure feed for the converter when the converter is not multiplying torque and the lockup valve 445 (FIG. 7) has moved to engage the lockup clutch 70. A low pressure is maintained in the port 361 by the pressure relief valve 363 which controls the exhaust from port 361. In valve unit 341 above regulator valve 343 there is a spring chamber 366 which provides an abutment at one end for dual spring 367 acting upon the free end of the land 343a to urge the valve 343 toward the closed position against the fluid force acting on the unbalanced area of lands b and c.

When the oil in main line 340 between the unbalanced areas between lands b and c raises valve 343, the first increment of movement permits flow of oil to port 355 and secondary line 356. When the pressure in the main and secondary lines has reached a desired value, the valve will raise and land a opens the port 361 and connects the front pump line 327 through port 358 directly to exhaust port 361 to supply the low pressure feed l ne 362 and exhaust excess oil through the pressure relief valve 363 to sump.

The regulated pressure in main line 340 is increased by the hydrodynamic brake pressure, the throttle valve pressure and the lockup clutch pressure. The brake outlet pressure which is proportional to the torque being absorbed by the brake, is conveyed by line 181 to spring chamber 366 and acts on the free end of land a of valve 343 to assist the spring 367 to increase the regulated line pressure. The throttle and lockup clutch plug 346 has a small end portion a fitting into the small end bore portion 381 of the valve bore which communicates at its end with the lockup clutch line 90 which is controlled by the lockup valve unit 445 and the lockup cut-off valve unit 465. The plug 346 also has a central land b of larger diameter fitting in the adjacent larger diameter bore portion 382. The throttle pressure, which is a pressure proportional to the throttle pedal position as explained below in the description of the throttle valve unit 401 (FIG. 8), is supplied by line 408 to the larger diameter portion 382 adjacent the small diameter portion 381 to act on the shoulder of the large land b to act downwardly on the pressure regulator valve 343 assisting spring 367 and thus increasing the pressure in main line 340. The lockup clutch and TV plug 346 has at the lower end an extension c engaging valve 343 which conveys the force on the parts a and b to the regulator valve 343. The plug 346 provides a stop to limit the upward movement of valve 343. The lockup clutch pressure acting on land a of plug 346 and throttle pressure acting on land b of the plug 346 both tend to increase the regulated pressure in line 340. When the brake pressure supplied by line 181 to spring cavity 366 increases the regulated pressure in line 340 by acting in a downward direction on the free end of land a of valve 343, the brake pressure also acts upwardly on the land b of plug 346 and partially or fully counteracts the pressure increasing effect due to the lockup clutch and throttle pressure on plug 346 to prevent an excessive increase in main line pressure. However during normal operation, the throttle will be closed when the brake is applied so there will not be any throttle pressure. As explained below, the brake pressure also acts on the smaller area of plug 347 to decrease the main line pressure providing a net pressure increasing effect of a small value without employing a small land.

The main line pressure is reduced by the splitter high clutch pressure, brake pressure and the lockup pressure from the governor and throttle controlled lockup valve unit 490 (FIG. 6). With valve 343 illustrated in the closed position in FIG. 7, the bore 353 has a port 388. immediately below the land c, connected to the splitter high line 170. The brake regulator plug 347 is located between the port 388 and the port 389 connected to brake outlet line 181. The brake regulator sealing plug 348 is located below plug 347 between port 389 and exhaust port 391. The lockup knockdown plug 349 below the plug 348 has a small diameter land a abutting the sealing plug 348 and a larger diameter land b at the other end. The bore 353 has a seal 393 adjacent the exhaust port 391 engaging the small diameter land 3490 and a large diameter bore portion 394 in which the land 34% slides. The intermediate clutch line 250 is connected to the bore 394 below seal 393 to act down on the large land b to urge the plug 349 down to the inactive position. The controlled lockup clutch oil in line 395 is connected to the 10 closed end of the large bore 394 to act up on the free end of land b of plug 349.

The splitter high clutch pressure in line acts on the land 0 of regulator valve 343 to oppose spring 367 and lower the regulated main line (340) pressure. The brake outlet pressure in line 181 acts upon the lower end face of plug 347 to oppose the spring 367 and reduce the regulated pressure. As pointed out above, the brake pressure simultaneously acts on the larger area of land 2430: and the smaller area of plug 347 to provide a net increase of main line pressure. This differential arrangement reduces the effect of high brake pressure on valve 343 without employing an extremely small valve plug. The governor controlled lockup clutch pressure in feed line 395 acts up on the lower face of plug 349 against the spring 367 to reduce line pressure. Thus each of these pressure acts against the spring 367 and to lower main line pressure. Since the plugs are arranged in series, the effective force on the regulator valve 343 to move it toward the open position against the spring 366 will only be as large as the largest of these three fluid forces acting on their respective plugs. The intermediate clutch pressure in line 250 acts on the plug 349 with the spring 367 but is only effective to oppose the pressure in feed line 395 acting up on plug 349 to partially reduce the effect of this pressure so that the governor controlled lockup pressure will not reduce the regulated line pressure as much in intermediate ratio as in other ratios. The reduction in main line pressure by the controlled lockup pressure in line 395 is also counteracted by the pressure in lockup clutch line to provide a higher pressure when the lockup clutch is engaged and a lower pressure when the lockup clutch is disengaged to soften the ratio changes.

Throttle valve unit The throttle valve unit 401 (FIG. 8) supplies a throttle pressure and a downshift pressure responsive to the throttle pedal position to control the shift valves. The throttle valve unit 401 is located in bore 402 in the valve body and includes a throttle regulator valve 403 and a downshift valve 411. When the engine fuel feed control, such as a throttle pedal, is in the closed position, the valve unit 401 is in the closed position illustrated. Then the throttle valve 403 having lands a and b is located in the bore 402 so that the upper land 403a block-s flow of oil from the main line 340 via main line port 404 to the bore 402, but port 404 provides an annular passage around the land 403a and always connects the main line 340 to the lockup cut-off unit 465. When the valve is in the closed position the land b is located below throttle port 406 and exhaust port 407 and the space between the lands connects the throttle line port 406 and the exhaust port 407 to exhaust the throttle pressure in line 408. The throttle line 408 is also connected to the port 409 adjacent the closed end of the bore 402 so that the throttle pressure acts down on land a.

The downshift valve 411 has lands a. and b of equal diameter spaced from one another and located in the bore 402 and a land c of larger diameter at the other end spaced from land b and located in bore 423. The throttle valve unit 401 is controlled by the accelerator pedal (not shown) which is connected by a linkage including lever 414 which engages the end face of land c to move the downshift valve 411 into the bore 402 and increase the pressure exerted through spring 415 on the throttle regulator valve 403. Valves 403 and 411 have extensions projecting within the coil spring 415 which provide a locating device for the coil spring and a stop means to prevent the spring being compressed beyond its elastic limit. The throttle line 408 is also connected to port 416 which is normally closed by the land a of valve 411 when the throttle pedal is in the closed or an intermediate position. When the valve 411 reaches the downshift position which may be full throttle or just beyond full throttle, the space between the lands a and b connects throttle pressure line 408 via port 416 to port 417 which provides throttle pressure, now at a maximum but less than line pressure, to the downshift line 418. The port 417 is also connected through an orifice 419 to an exhaust port 421. The orifice is small so that when the regulated line pressure is open to line 418, the pressure is not materially reduced and downshifts the shift valves. However, when the detent line 418 is closed by the land a of valve 411, the trapped oil will drain through orifice 419 to exhaust 421 to prevent oil being locked in line 418 and interfering with the action of the shift valves. At the same time or just before the throttle pressure line 408 is connected to the downshift line 418, the port 422 connected to throttle line 408, now at line pressure is open to the space between lands b and c and the oil tends to flow into the large open end portion 423 of bore 402 and, substantially simultaneously, the large land c of downshift valve 411 enters bore 423 to provide a fluid detent action. It will thus be seen that further movement of the valve 411 requires an additional force to overcome the force of the pressure in throttle line 408 acting on the unbalanced area between the lands b and c of valve 411. Thus the operator will be required to exert an extra force on the throttle pedal to energize the downshift line 418 to effect a downshift. The shoulder 429 on land limits movement of the valve 411. The throttle valve unit 401 provides throttle pressure in line 408 directly proportional to the throttle pedal position and a downshift pressure in line 418 effective at a certain point of throttle movement such as full throttle or slightly beyond full throttle to effect a downshift.

Speed governors The transmission control system employs three governor pressures, the front governor pressure, proportional to the speed of the splitter gear unit output or intermediate shaft 119, and the rear governor and the rear pump pressures, proportional to the speed of the transmission output or final drive shaft 185 which .is proportional to vehicle speed. The shaft 119 drives the front Pitot governor trough 216 (FIG. 3) to provide a governor pressure in line 220 proportional to the intermediate shaft 119. The rear Pitot governor 309 (FIG. 4) has a trough 311 driven by the final drive shaft 185 and provides a pressure in line 320 proportional to 'the final drive shaft speed. As indicated above, the rear pump 321 and orifice 331 (FIG. 9) provide in line 329 a pressure proportional to the final drive shaft speed. These governor pressures and the above-described throttle pressure and downshift pressure are employed to control the automatic shift valves to control main line pressure to provide automatic speed ratio changes.

Manual valve The operator positions the manual valve unit 427, FIG. 8, to select the range Reverse, R, Neutral, N, Drive, D. Intermediate, Int. or Low, L0, in which the transmission will be automatically controlled. The oil in main line 340 flows through orifice 424 or the lockup cut-off valve unit 465 (FIG. 8), as explained below, depending on the position of the lockup cut-01f valve unit, to the ratio change line 425 which is connected to the bore 426 of manual valve unit 427. The valve 428 is slidably mounted in the bore 426 and has land 428a at the top end and land 4281) at the center and an aperture 431 at the other end to connect the valve to the manual control linkage. With the valve in the neutral position illustrated, the controlled main line 425 enters the bore 426 and is confined between lands a and b. Upward movement of the valve 428 to the reverse position R will connect line 425 to reverse line 310. Movement of the valve 428 downwardly to the drive range position D connects the controlled main line 425 via the space between the lands a and b to the drive range line 432. Further movement of the valve 428 to the intermediate range position INT will similarly connect the control line 425 to both the drive range line 432 and the intermediate range line 433 and movement of the valve to the low position LO will connect controlled line 425 to the drive range line 432, the intermediate range line 433 and the low range line 434. When the valve 428 is in the neutral position, it will be seen that the reverse line 310 is connected to exhaust through the opening 436 at the adjacent end of the bore 426 having a reverse exhaust valve 438, and the lines 432, 433 and 434 for the various drive ranges are connected to a free exhaust at the adjacent end opening 437 of the bore 426.

The reverse exhaust valve 438 maintains a low pressure in the reverse clutch line 310 and leakage is replaced through reverse make-up line 439 and orifice 440 which connects the regulated line 340 with reverse line 310. The orifice 440 limits the flow to the approximate quantity to make up for leakage in the reverse clutch motor.

When the valve 428 is in the drive range position, the intermediate range line 433 and the low range line 434 are connected to exhaust 437 and, in the intermediate position, low range line 434 is connected to exhaust 437. The valve 428 between the lands 428a and b has a series of annular grooves 441, one for each valve position, which cooperate with the spring-loaded ball detents 442 to resiliently hold the valve in the selected range positions.

Lockup valve unit The lockup valve unit 445 (FIG. 7) automatically controls the lockup clutch 70 and the converter pressure. The main line 340 is connected through the dual check valve 333 to the lockup valve unit 445. The lockup valve 446 has an end land a, a central land b having the same diameter slidably mounted in a bore 447 in the valve body, and a land c adjacent the other end of smaller diameter which fits in a smaller diameter bore portion 448. The valve 446 has a stud 451 extending above land a which serves to limit the upward or opening movement of the valve 446 and locate spring 452 in the spring chamber 453. The spring 452 engages the end of chamber 453 and the valve to resiliently urge the valve 446 in closing direction. The throttle pressure and forced downshift pressure are connected by the downshift line 418 to the spring chamber 453 to act on the free end of land 446a and close valve 446 to disengage the lockup clutch. The front governor pressure in line 220 acts on the loWer face of the lockup plug 455 located in an enlarged portion 456 of the bore 447 to move valve 446 toward open position. When the valve is in the closed position, illustrated in FIG. 7, the land b blocks the main line 340 and the governor controlled lockup feed line 395 is connected between the unbalanced lands b and c to the exhaust 457. Between the land c and the lockup plug 455, another exhaust 458 provides a drain between these valve members to prevent the accumulation of oil under pressure due to leakage, The secondary line 356 is connected between the lands a and b when the valve 446 is in the closed position to the converter inlet line 100. Thus when the converter is functioning and full regulated main line pressure is supplied to the secondary line 356, this pressure is connected to the converter inlet line 100. Due to the normal flow of oil in line through the converter and cooler 711, the pressure in converter inlet line 100 is lower than main and secondary line pressure as controlled by the pressure control unit 341. However if flow in line 100 is restricted for example, by cold oil in the cooler 711, the converter charging pressure could rise to main line pressure which is too high. The converter pressure regulator valve 462 limits the converter charging pressure in line 100 at a value between normal converter charging pressure and main line pressure to'prevent an excessive converter charging pressure.

The lockup valve 446 is controlled by spring 452 and the throttle pressure in line 408 acting via downshift line 418 to close the valve against the front governor pressure in line 220 acting to open the valve. When the governor pressure increases sufficiently due to the increase in the intermediate shaft speed to overcome the spring force and the throttle pressure, the valve 446 moves and land b uncovers the main line 340 and permits oil under pressure to flow between lands 446b and c to act on the unbalanced area of lands b and c to tend to hold the valve 446 open to prevent hunting and to provide a hysteresis loss so that a downshift will only occur at a lower speed. With valve 446 in the open position, the main line 340 is connected to the lockup clutch feed line 395 which is connected to the lockup cut-off valve 465 which connects to the lockup clutch line 90 except during a shift as explained below. At this time the land c closes exhaust port 457.

If desired the lockup valve 446 may be controlled by the spring 452 acting against the front governor pressure by disconnecting the downshift line 418 from the lockup valve unit 445 and connecting spring chamber 453 to exhaust.

Since the converter 15 is inoperative when the lockup clutch 70 is engaged, except during brief shift intervals, the lockup valve is used to reduce the converter pressure when valve 446 is opened to engage lockup clutch 70. When the lockup valve 446 is opened, the land b closes the converter inlet line 100, and stops the flow of the oil from the secondary line 356 to the converter inlet line 100. The pressure in the converter thus drops until it reaches a lower value maintained in the low pressure line 362 by the pressure control unit 341. The exhaust from the regulator valve unit 341 in exhaust 361 is maintained at a controlled low pressure by the relief valve 363 and flows through check valve 461 and low pressure feed line 362 to the converter inlet line 186. Check valve 461 prevents flow from converter feed line 100 when high pressure is used to relief valve 363.

Lockup cut-ofi valve unit The lockup cut-off valve unit 465 (FIG. 8) which disengages the lockup clutch 70 during each ratio change interval includes a valve 466 having lands a, b and c located in a bore 467 of uniform diameter. With the valve in the normally open position, as illustrated, the governor controlled lockup feed line 395 enters the space between the lands a and b adjacent the land b, and the lockup clutch line 90 is connected to the space between the lands a and b adjacent the land a to connect the lockup feed line 395 to the lockup clutch line 90. The exhaust port 468 for the lockup clutch line 90 is blocked by the land 466a. A spring 471 positioned in the end of bore 467 engages land 466a to urge the valve 466 to opened position. A pin 472 mounted on the valve body locates and limits the compression of this spring. The actuator line 473 which supplies fluid to actuate the exhaust feed pump 64!) as explained below, is connected to the bore 467 between the lands b and c to exhaust port 474. Main line 340 is connected to the end of bore 367 and by-pass passage 476 of the ratio change line 425 is connected opposite land 0. The land has on its free face, a spacing stud 478 which spaces the valve 466 from the end of the bore 467. The main line oil is connected by line 340 to the bore 467 beneath the valve to act on the free end of land 0. The oil flows through orifice 424 when cut-off valve 466 is closed and through by-pass 476 when valve 466 is open to the ratio change line 425 which is connected to supply the manual valve unit 427 and splitter shift valve 490 (FIG. 6) and to control the lockup cut-off valve 466. Line 425 is connected to control valve 466 to the bore 467 through both an orifice 481 and a check valve 482 to act on the end face of the land 466a.

The lockup cut-off valve unit 465 in its normal position is open to permit flow from the lockup valve unit 445 and controlled lockup feed line 395 to the lockup clutch line 90 and clutch 70 due to the action of spring 471 and the balanced opposing pressures in main line 348 and ratio change line 425 on the end faces of valve 466. Whenever the oil flows through ratio change line 425 to effect a change in ratio by filling one of the ratio motors, oil flows from the regulated main line 340 through the orifice 424 creating a pressure difference between the oil in the regulated main line 340 acting on the end face of land 0 and the oil in ratio change line 425 which acts on the end face of land 466a. The higher pressure in line 340 raises valve 466 against spring 471 and connects lockup clutch line to exhaust 468 and controlled feed line 395 to actuator line 473, and closes exhaust 474. An excessive difference in pressure between main line 340 and ratio change line 425 will raise valve 466 against spring 471 sufiiciently to connect these lines momentarily via the by-pass 476 to reduce the pressure differential. Thus the normal main line pressure applied to the ratio clutch motors is reduced during each shift interval until the ratio motor is substantially filled and rapid fiow stops. The point of engagement of the ratio clutch mot-or at which the pressure is increased and the lockup clutch engaged, is controlled by the force of spring 471. As the flow slows down, the pressure differential is reduced and at a certain low pressure differential spring 471 closes the valve 466. The orifice 481 and the check valve 482 connect line 425 in parallel to the spring chamber at the upper end of bore 467. The flow of oil from line 425 to the spring chamber is restricted by orifice 481 since oil cannot flow in through the check valve 482. The exhaust from the spring chamber of bore 467 fiows freely through the check valve 482 and is not restricted by the orifice 481. Thus the valve 466 moves rapidly to disengage the lockup clutch 7t and returns slowly to the normal open position illustrated to engage the lockup clutch. When the system is initially supplied, the oil in line 340 will raise the valve to fill the system and equalize the pressure at both ends of valve 466 to permit the valve to return to the normally open position so quickly that this has no effect on the operation of the system. When the lockup valve unit 445 opens, the lockup cut-off valve unit 465 will be in the normally open position illustrated to engage the lockup clutch 70 but will close during each ratio change interval to disengage the lockup clutch 70.

Splitter valve unit The splitter valve unit 490 (FIG. 6) automatically shifts to control the ratio of splitter gear unit -by actuating the splitter high clutch 157 to provide direct drive or by actuating the splitter low clutch 136 to provide underdrive. The governor forces acting on the valve unit 490 are changed to shift the splitter unit at three different speeds, the first when in low, the second when in intermediate and the third when in high in the three ratio unit 198 to provide six drive ratios.

The splitter shift valve 491, located in bore 492, has lands a, b, c and d with intermediate spaces of lesser diameter. Lands a and b having an equal larger diameter fit in upper large bore 492 while lands 0 and d having an equal smaller diameter fit the lower small diameter bore 494. With the splitter valve 491 in the low position illustrated in FIG. 6, the main line 425, which is regulated by regulator unit 341 and shift controlled by lockup cutoff valve unit 465, is connected to the valve bore 492 between the lands a and b adjacent land b. The main line 425 is thus connected through the space between the lands a and b to the low clutch line which is connected to the bore 492 between the lands a and b adjacent land a. The controlled exhaust line 493 is connected to the bore 492 opposite land a and is blocked. The throttle pressure in line 488 enters the bore 492 immediately adjacent the free end face of land a of valve 491 and acts on the valve 491 to move it toward low position. The downshift pressure in line 418 enters the bore 492 adjacent the end wall 496 and acts upon the free end face of land a of valve 491 to move it to low position. The splitter rear pump lug 497 is located in a bore 498 coaxially located with respect to bore 492. The rear pump plug 497 has a stem 501 of small diameter projecting through an aperture in wall 496 which divides bore 492 from plug bore 498 to act on land a of valve 491. A spring 502 seated on the far end wall of the bore 498 acts on plug 497 to cause stern 501 to engage the valve 491 to urge it to low position. The rear pump line 329 enters the bore 498 above partition 496 and beneath the plug 497 to lift the plug 497 and eliminate the effect of spring 502 on the operation of valve 491. A stop 503 limits upward movement of the plug 497 and splitter valve 491. Thus the spring 502, unless made ineffective by pressure from the rear pump line 329, the throttle pressure from line 408 and the downshift pressure from line 418 tend to urge the splitter valve 491 down from high to low position.

With the valve 491 in the low position shown, the direct drive clutch line 170 located between large bore 492 and small bore 494 is adjacent the land b and the exhaust port 506 adjacent the land connecting line 170 to the exhaust port 506 through the space between the lands b and c of valve 491. The limited feed line 511 from exhaust feed pump 640 (FIG. 9) is blocked by land 0 of valve 491. The splitter low exhaust feed line 512 enters the bore 494 immediately adjacent the land 0 and is connected by the space between the lands 0 and d to the exhaust port 513.

With the valve in the upper or high position, the main line 425 is connected between lands b and c to the high clutch line 170 and the low clutch line 150 is connected to controlled exhaust 493 and the limited feed line 511 is connected to the splitter low exhaust feed line 512 to effect control of the splitter low exhaust valve 650 which is described below.

Since the splitter valve 491 shifts the splitter gear unit 115 between low and high ratio when the three speed gear unit is in each of the three ratios, low, intermediate and high, combinations of the three governor pressures, front governor pressure (line 220), rear governor pressure (line 320), and rear pump pressure (line 329) provide three separate shift points. With valve 491 in low position illustrated in FIG. 6, the relay controlled rear pump line 517 enters the bore 494 between the end face of land d of valve 491 and the top face of the front governor splitter plug 518 which is located in bore 494 and engages land d. A low intermediate valve controlled front governor line 521 is connected to the valve bore 494 between the partition 516 and the end face of front governor plug 518. A rear governor splitter plug 522 is positioned in the large bore 523 located coaxially with respect to the bore 494. Plug 522 has a stem 524 having a diameter slightly smaller than plug 518 extending through an aperture in wall 516 to engage the lower face of front governor plug 518. The intermediate high controlled rear governor pressure in line 526 enters the bore 523 between the partition 516 and the plug 522 to urge the plug 522 down away from valve 491. The rear governor pressure in line 320 enters the end of the bore 523 via orifice 527 to act on the end face of plug 522 to urge the plug 522 and valve 491 up to high drive position. The rear governor pressure in line 320 acting on the lower face of plug 522 when the three ratio unit is in high and intermediate is opposed by the intermediate high controlled rear governor pressure in line 526 acting on the smaller upper face of rear governor plug 522 to provide a reduced governor force in intermediate ratio. The low intermediate controlled front governor pressure in line 521 acts in low range between the front governor plug 518 and the rear governor plug stern 524 to urge the valve 491 to direct drive position and hold stern 524 and plug 522 down. The intermediate high controlled rear pump pressure in line 517 acts, when an upshift or downshift between low and intermediate range is initiated, between land d of valve 491 and front governor plug 518 to urge the valve 491 up toward direct drive position and hold plugs 5.18 and 522 down.

These three governor forces tending to move the valve 491 from low to high position are opposed by spring 502, until disabled by rear pump pressure, and throttle and downshift pressures tending to return the valve to low position. When valve 491 is in high position, the main line pressure acting via ratio change line 425 on the unbalanced area of lands 491 b and 0 provides the hysteresis action by tending to hold the valve in high position.

Low intermediate valve unit The low intermediate shift valve unit 530 is hydraulically controlled by manual valve unit 427 to shift the three ratio unit between low and intermediate ratio and to condition the splitter valve unit 490 to shift at the first or second shift point. This unit 530 consists of a splitter relay valve 531 located in a large bore 532 which to conveniently provide a low pressure oil supply is located beneath the sump oil level and low intermediate shift valve 533 located in a smaller diameter bore 534.

The relay valve 531 has lands a, b, and c of equal diameter with intermediate spaced portions of reduced diameter providing flow spaces. In the intermediate and drive range position shown in FIG. 6, spring 536 located at the end of bore 532 holds the valve 531 on a shoulder 537 between the bore 532 and the bore 534. The low range line 434 is connected to bore 532 at the shoulder 537 and the oil acts on the end of land 0 of valve 531 to raise it against the spring 536 to the low range position where land a abuts stop pin 538. With relay valve 531 in the drive or intermediate range, as shown, the rear pump feed line 329 is connected to the bore 532 between the lands b and c adjacent the land b. The relay valve controlled rear pump line 517 is connected between the lands a and b adjacent the land b. A free exhaust port 541 is connected to the bore 532 between the lands a and b adjacent the land a. Immediately above land a of valve 531, there is a free exhaust port 542 for bore 532. The end portion of the bore 532 is enlarged to provide a spring chamber 543 connected to exhaust passage 546 having a one-way check valve 547 and an orifice 548 extending to a point under the oil level in the sump to keep the chamber full of oil to cushion valve movement.

With relay valve 531 in the intermediate and high range position shown, the rear pump line 329 is blocked between lands 531b and c, controlled rear pump line 517 is connected between lands 531a and b to exhaust 541 and spring chamber 543 is filled with oil. When the manual valve 427 is moved to low range, oil in line 434 tends to move relay valve 531 up. The first increment of movement, while free exhaust 542 is open, is fast and connects rear pump line 329 to controlled rear pump line 517. After land a closes exhaust 542, the oil in spring chamber, being retained by check valve 547, slows the valve 531 and only permits very slow movement due to slow leakage of oil past land 531a to exhaust 542. During this slow movement, the rear pump pressure in line 517 prevents a downshift of splitter valve unit 490. When land 531a enters the spring chamber and permits flow to exhaust 542, the valve 531 is substantially in low range position engaging stop 538, land 0 blocks rear pump line 329, and controlled rear pump line 517 is connected to exhaust 541 permitting normal downshift of splitter valve unit 490.

When the manual valve unit 427 is shifted from low range, low range line 434 is exhausted, spring 536 returns valve 531 and draws oil from the sump through exhaust line 546, orifice 548, and check valve 547 to replenish the oil in spring chamber 543. Though the return movement is faster, since orifice 548 permits a greater flow than the clearance at land 531a, rear pump pressure from line 329 is momentarily supplied to controlled rear pump line 517 to momentarily inhibit a downshift of the splitter valve unit 490 during the shift interval. When valve 531 reaches the intermediate and high range position shown, the rear pump line 329 is again blocked and line 517 connected to exhaust 541.

The low intermediate shift valve 533 located in bore 534 has lands a, b, c and d of equal diameter and intermediate portions of reduced diameter to provide intermediate flow spaces. The land d has a shoulder 551 which engages the valve body at the end of bore 534 and limits upward valve movement under the influence of the spring 552 in the intermediate high position, shown in FIG. 6, preventing con-tact with valve 531. The spring 552 seated in a larger diameter coaxial spring chamber 553 engages the valve 533 to urge the valve up. A stop 554 in chamber 553 limits downward movement of valve 533 in the low position. Spring chamber 553 has an exhaust port 556 to prevent fluid accumulating and blocking movement of the valve in the chamber.

When the low intermediate shift valve 533 is in the intermediate high position shown, the low exhaust port 557 is connected to the bore 534 between the lands 533a and b adjacent the land a. The low exhaust port 557 is connected through low pressure relief valve 558 to sump to maintain a low pressure in exhaust port 557 and low clutch line 270. The low make-up line 560 having an orifice 562 connects the controlled main line 425 to the exhaust port 557 to supply leakage to keep the exhaust port 557 and connected the low clutch line 270 and the low clutch motor filled. The low clutch line 270 is con nected to the space between lands a and b adjacent the land b. The drive range supply line 432 supplies controlled and regulated main line pressure to the bore 534 between the lands b and adjacent the land b. The intermediate high supply line 559 is connected to the bore 534 between the lands b and 0 adjacent the land c. An exhaust port 561 located between the land 0 and d adjacent the land 0 is connected to sump through the orifice line 563 and the free line 564 which are connected in parallel to the intermediate low exhaust control valve 565. The valve 565 is normally held in bore 566 by spring 567 so that orificed line 563 and free line 564 are freely connected between the lands of valve 565 to sump. The throttle pressure line 408 is connected to the end of valve bore 566 opposite the spring 567 so that the throttle pressure can move valve 565 to block the free exhaust line 554 and restrict the intermediate to low exhaust. The controlled front governor line 521 is connected to bore 534 between lands 0 and d adjacent the land d. The front governor line 220 is connected to bore 534 opposite land d.

With the low intermediate shift valve 533 in the intermediate and high range position illustrated in FIG. 6, the drive range line 432 is connected between lands b and c to the intermediate high shift valve supply line 559. The low make-up line 560 connects the con-trolled main line 425 through orifice 552 to port 557 to replenish leakage and low relief valve 558 maintains a low pressure in exhaust port 557. The low clutch line 270 is connected between lands a and b to the low pressure exhaust port 557 which maintains low pressure oil in low clutch line 270 to keep the low motor filled. The controlled front governor line 521 is connected between lands c and d to exhaust 561.

When pressure in the low range line 434 acts between land c on valve 531 and land a on valve 533, to separate the valves, the relay valve 531 moves up as explained above and the valve 533 moves down to the low range position where the drive range line 432 is connected between the lands a and b to the low range clutch line 270 and low exhaust 557 is blocked by land a. The intermediate high supply line 559 is connected by the space between the lands b and c to exhaust through port 561. Under low to medium throttle, exhaust 561 is freely connected by line 564 to sump and under high throttle, exhaust 561 is connected by orifice line 563 to sump by valve 565 to provide more overlap on a high throttle shift. The front governor line 220 is connected between the lands 0 and d to the controlled front governor line 521 to provide front governor pressure on splitter plug 518 12% for a first to second ratio shift in low range when the three ratio unit is in low.

Intermediate high shift valve unit The intermediate high shift valve unit 579 (FIG. 5) automatically controls the intermediate high shift and the governor pressure acting on the splitter valve 4%. The intermediate high shift valve 572 located in bore 5'71 has large diameter lands a and b located in a large bore portion 573 and small diameter lands 0, d and 6 located in a small bore portion 574 and intermediate portions of smaller diameter between the lands. At the upper end of the bore 571, the wall 581 has a smaller diameter bore for the stem 582 of the intermediate high blocker plug 583 which has stepped lands a and b with the small land a adjacent the stem 582 fitting in the intermediate size coaxial bore 586 and a second land b at the end located in the large coaxial bore 587. Spring 5-91 engages the end wall of bore 587 and the upper face of land b of plug 583 to urge the blocker plug 533 and shift valve 572 toward the intermediate position. A stud 592 fixed on the end wall of bore 587 limits upward movement, in the high position of valve unit 570. The intermediate range line 433 energized by manual valve unit 427 is connected to bore 587 near the end wall. At the shoulder between the bores 587 and 586, there is an exhaust port 594 to drain leakage oil. The rear governor line 320 is connected by port 593 to the bore 586 adjacent the wall 581 so that rear governor oil acts on the face of land a adjacent the stem 582 to move plug 583 up against spring 591. The downshift pressure supplied by the throttle valve unit 427 is connected by downshift line 4018 to bore 573 adjacent wall 581 and acts to raise the stem 582 and plug 586 and to act on the end face of the land a of valve 572 to move the valve down toward intermediate position. The throttle pressure in line 408 enters bore 573 just above the land a of valve 572 and tends to move the valve 572 down toward intermediate position and to move the plug 58-3 away from the valve 572. On upshift of the valve 572 to the high position, the land a will close the port of throttle line 408.

With valve 572 in the intermediate position illustrated in FIG. 5 the intermediate ratio clutch is engaged, and the controlled intermediate exhaust line 601 is blocked by land a. The intermediate clutch line 250 is connected to the :bore 573 between the lands a and b adjacent land a of the valve 572. The intermediate high supply line 559 is connected to the bore 563 between the lands a and b adjacent land d. The high clutch line 210 is connected to the bore 573 between the lands b and c adjacent land b. Exhaust port 602 is connected to the bore 5'74 between the lands b and c adjacent land 0. The rear governor line 32b is connected to a port 6% which is blocked by the land 0. The controlled rear governor line 526 is connected to the bore 574 between land 0 and d adjacent the land 0. An exhaust port s07 is connected to the bore 574 between land c and d adjacent land d. The limited feed lines 511 is blocked by the land 0!. The intermediate exhaust feed line 668 is connected to the bore 574 between lands d and e adjacent land d. An exhaust port 611 is located between lands a. and e adjacent land e. An exhaust port 612 is located adjacent the end face of the land (I of valve 572.

At the end of shift valve 572, bore 571 has a large portion 614 for the intermediate high plug 616 which engages land e of valve 572 and stem 621. A port 617 in bore 614 adjacent the end wall 618 is connected to the rear governor line 320 so that the rear governor pressure acts on the lower face of plug 616 to urge the valve 572 up to high position. A transfer stem 621 extends through an aperture in wall 613 to a larger [bore 622 located coaxially with respect to the main bore 571. The intermediate high accelerator plug 624 is located in bore 622 and acts through the stern 621 and the governor plug 616 on valve 572 to raise it toward high position. The con- 19 trolled intermediate exhaust in line 601 is connected by port 626 to the lower end of bore 622 to act on the free end face of plug 624 to tend to move the valve assembly toward high position. Bore 622 between plug 624 and wall 618 is drained by exhaust 627.

The intermediate high shift valve 572 is urged to the intermediate position illustrated in FIG. by the spring 591 acting through the intermediate high blocker plug 583 unless rear governor pressure in line 320 lifts the plug to disable the spring, by the pressure in intermediate range line 433 on plug 583 which is effective in intermediate and low ranges regardless of rear governor pressure, and by downshift pressure in line 418 and throttle pressure in line 408 acting on end face of land 572a. If one or more of these downshift forces overcome the upshift forces valve 572 is in the intermediate position and the intermediate high supply line 559 is connected between lands a. and b to intermediate clutch line 250. The high clutch line 210 is connected between lands b and c to exhaust 602. Rear governor line 320 is blocked by land 0 and controlled rear governor line 526 is connected between lands 0 and d to exhaust 607. The limited control feed line 511 is blocked by land d and the intermediate exhaust feed line 608 is vented between lands d and e to exhaust 611.

In high range when intermediate range line 433 is exhausted, the valve 572 is conditioned by governor line 320 supplying oil under pressure to port 593 to raise blocker plug 586 and spring 591 out of engagement with valve 572 to provide a rateless valve. The rear governor pressure at port 617 then acts on the outer end of governor plug 616 against throttle pressure acting on land a to upshift valve 572. When valve 572 is upshifted to high position, the intermediate clutch line 250 is connected between lands a and b to the controlled intermediate exhaust line 601 which is also connected below the accelerator plug 624 to urge valve 572 to high position during the controlled intermediate exhaust period to provide hysteresis before the high clutch pressure has built up sufficien-tly to provide hysteresis on the unbalanced area of the shift valve. The intermediate high supply line 559 is connected between unbalanced lands b and 0 providing hysteresis to high clutch line 210 to engage the high clutch. Rear governor line 320 is connected via port 603 between lands 0 and d to the controlled rear governor line 526. The limited controlled feed line 511 is connected between lands d and e to the intermediate exhaust feed line 608 and exhaust 607 and 611 are blocked by lands d and e.

Downshift timing valve Referring to the top of FIG. 6, the downshift timing valve unit 630, which controls the engagement of the intermediate clutch has a valve member 631 with lands a and b of equal diameter connected by an intermediate portion of reduced diameter to provide a flow space and an end land c of smaller diameter located in a stepped bore 632. Spring 635 located in the vented end of bore 632 normally holds valve 631 in the closed position shown. Throttle oil in line 408 is connected to the bore 632 to act on the end face of land b and low clutch oil in line 270 is connected through an orifice to bore 632 to act on the end face of land 0 to open the valve 631. The valve 631 normally closed by spring 635 and opened only by both low clutch pressure and throttle pressure between one-half and wide open throttle. The portion of the intermediate clutch line 250 from the intermediate shift valve unit 570 is connected to the port 633 and the other portion of the intermediate clutch line 250 leading to the clutch motor 238 is connected to port 634. With the valve 631 in the open position ports 633 and 634 are connected between lands a and b to freely connect the two portions of line 250. With the valve member 631 in the closed position shown, the land 0 engages the end of the bore to limit movement,

and land a will block port 633 to cause the oil to flow through the orifice 636 connecting the two portions of line 250 to provide a slow feed for the intermediate clutch motor.

The valve 631 will be in open position when the oil in the low clutch line 270 applies low ratio clutch and the throttle is open, preferably one-half or more, there will be free flow through the valve 631 and line 250 permitting a quick application of the intermediate clutch on a high throttle shift from low. When either the low clutch line is exhausted or throttle pressure is low, preferably below half throttle, the valve is closed to block port 633, the oil flows through the restricting orifice 636 in line 250 to effect a slow application of the intermediate clutch. Thus on a low throttle upshift from low to intermediate, and on all downshifts from high to intermediate, the intermediate clutch is slowly applied through restricting orifice 636.

Exhaust feed pump The exhaust feed pump 640 (FIG. 9) which supplies a limited volume of make-up oil during a limited time interval to the exhaust control valve units 650 and 670, has a piston 641 located in bore 642 of uniform diameter having end walls. A spring 643 resiliently moves the piston 641 through the intake stroke to the right or retracted position. The pump is hydraulically actuated by actuator line 473 which provides line pressure supplied by the lockup shift valve unit 465 to lockup feed line 395 when the lockup cut-off valve unit 465 is in cut-off position. The oil from line 473, which is available only when the converter lockup clutch, after being engaged by the lockup shift valve unit 445, is disengaged by the lockup cut-off valve unit 465, enters the right end of bore 642 at port 646 to act on and will move the piston 641 through a pumping stroke to compress spring 643 and move the oil out of the bore 642 through a limited feed line 511 when either the low or intermediate exhaust valve 650 or 670 requires make-up oil. The limited feed line 511 will require oil when it is connected by either splitter valve unit 490 or intermediate high shift valve unit 570 to the low exhaust valve unit 650 or the intermediate exhaust valve unit 670, respectively, and exhaust valve unit which is connected requires make-up oil to increase the clutch exhaust pressure from the ratio establishing clutches and brakes as more fully explained below in connection with the exhaust control units.

The stop pin 644 limits the piston 641 pump in stroke to prevent blocking line 511 and fully compressing spring 643. When the lockup cut-off valve unit 465 is open, the exhaust control line 473 is discontinued from the fiuid supply line 395 and connected to exhaust 474, and spring 643 returns piston 641 and oil is drawn through the sump line 647, check valve 648 and line 511 to the bore 642 to recharge the bore 642 or exhaust feed pump cylinder. Since the pump 640 makes only one stroke during a shift interval, the volume is limited and since actuator line 473 is exhausted when the shift is completed, the duration is limited.

Exhaust valve units The splitter low exhaust valve unit 650 (FIG. 9) provides overlap in the splitter gear upshift and consists of a splitter low exhaust valve 651 having a land a of large diameter located in a large bore portion 652, a small land b located in the small diameter bore portion 653 and a smaller intermediate portion providing a flow space. The spring 654 is located in the end of bore 652 and the throttle line 408 is connected to the end of bore 652 so that both the spring 654 and the throttle pressure always urge the valve down toward the exhaust pressure increasing position. With the valve in the neutral or balanced position shown, the exhaust port 657 is just closed by the land a and the splitter low exhaust feed line is closed by the land b. The exhaust from the splitter low servo, via clutch line 150, splitter low valve unit 490, and splitter low exhaust line 493 is connected to the valve bore between the large and small bores 652 and 653 and enters the space between the lands a and b of valve 651 to act upon the unbalanced area of land a to oppose the force of the spring 654 and throttle pressure. The splitter low exhaust plug 661 is positioned in large bore 662 coaxially located at the end of bore 653. The remote end of the closed bore 662 is connected to the direct drive clutch line 170 so that the oil in the direct drive clutch servo urges the shift valve upwardly with the exhaust from splitter low clutch line 150 against the spring and throttle pressure toward the pressure decreasing position. The vent port 663 located between the bores 653 and 662 prevents fluid acting on the adjacent faces of valve 651 and plug 661.

The low exhaust valve 651 will remain in the balanced position shown when the forces acting upwardly, the splitter low exhaust acting on the unbalanced area and the direct drive line 170 acting on plug 661, balances the forces acting downwardly, the spring and throttle pressure on land 651a. An increase in the forces acting upwardly or a decrease in the forces acting downwardly will move the valve 651 up to open exhaust port 657 and decrease the pressure in splitter low exhaust line 493 and clutch line 170. A decrease in forces acting up or an increase in forces acting down moves valve 651 down to connect low exhaust feed line 512 to low exhaust line 493 to increase the pressure in splitter low clutch line 170. Under constant throttle conditions for a brief period after the splitter valve unit 490 shifts from low to high drive, the pressure in the splitter low clutch line 170 and splitter low exhaust line 493 is maintained at a reduced value regulated by the throttle pressure line 408 and spring 654. Since the leakage in the clutch motors and controls of the transmissions vary, a limited amount of make-up oil is available from feed pump 640 to maintain this reduced pressure if needed because of leakage. Then as the splitter high servo fills and the pressure in the splitter high clutch line 170 builds up, it acts on plug 662 of low exhaust valve 651 to connect line 493 to exhaust 657 to reduce the pressure. An increase in throttle pressure will increase the splitter low controlled exhaust pressure. When the make-up fluid from exhaust feed pump 640 is exhausted or the lockup cut-off valve 465 moves to engage the lockup clutch and disable the exhaust feed pump 646, there is no pressure in splitter low exhaust feed line 512 and the low exhaust valve unit 650 ceases to regulate.

This valve provides overlap on a low to high shift of the splitter gear by holding splitter low pressure at a reduced or partial value until splitter high pressure increases to engage the splitter high clutch. With increasing throttle the overlap is increased since a higher splitter high pressure is required to exhaust the splitter low clutch.

The intermediate exhaust valve unit 671 which controls the exhaust from the intermediate clutch of the three ratio unit, is like low exhaust valve unit 650 and consists of a valve 671 having a large land a located in a large bore 672 and a spaced small land b located in a small diameter bore 673.

Spring 674 which abuts against the end of bore 672 and the throttle pressure connected by line 468 to bore 672 both act on the end face of land a of valve 671 to urge the valve down to the pressure increasing position. The stud 676 secured to free face of land a of the valve 671 limits upward movement of the valve.

With valve 671 in the neutral position as illustrated in FIG. 9, the exhaust port 677 is blocked by the land a. The controlled intermediate exhaust pressure in line 661 is connected to the exhaust valve unit 676 at the shoulder between bores 673 and 672 to act on the unbalanced area of lands a and b of valve 671. The intermediate exhaust feed line 668 which is supplied through the intermediate shift valve 570 from the limited feed line 511 is connected to bore 673 and blocked by the land b. The intermediate exhaust plug 681 is located in a bore 682 of larger diameter located coaxially with bore 673 and engages land b.

The high clutch servo oil in line 210 connected to the end of bore 682 acts upon the end face of plug 681, and the controlled exhaust from line 661 acts on the unbalanced lands, to raise the valve toward the open or pressure decreasing position against the spring 674 and throttle pressure acting down to increase the pressure. An exhaust 683 connected to the bore 682 between the land b of the valve 671 and the plug 631 prevents a pressure build-up due to leakage.

The intermediate exhaust valve unit 670 controls the overlap in the intermediate to high upshift by delaying the exhaust from the intermediate clutch line 250 in the same Way as the splitter low exhaust valve unit 650 controls the splitter low clutch line 1150. Increasing throttle pressure in line 408 will increase the controlled intermediate exhaust pressure in line 601. When the shift valve unit 570 initiates the intermediate high shift, the intermediate clutch pressure in line 251) is maintained by exhaust control valve unit 676 at a reduced value to provide overlap. Then the increasing high clutch pressure will further decrease the intermediate clutch pressure control overlap and when the high clutch is substantially engaged, exhaust intermediate clutch pressure to terminate overlap. As the throttle pressure increases the reduction of the intermediate clutch oil in lines 250 and 601 will be delayed to provide more overlap.

Hydrodynamic brake control valve unit The brake control valve unit 696 which controls the action of the hydrodynamic brake, illustrated in FIG. 9, consists of a valve 691 having lands a, b and c of equal diameter separated by portions of smaller diameter to provide flow spaces in bore 692. The spring 693, seated in the closed end of the bore, engages the end face of land a which has a stud 694 which positions the spring and provides a stop to limit movement of the valve 691. The spring chamber portion of bore 692 has an exhaust port 696 adjacent the end. At the other end of bore 692 there is a wall 698 apertured to slidably receive the operating stem 699 which is connected by a suitable linkage to the brake operating mechanism.

With the valve 691 in the brake-off position shown, the secondary line 356 which supplies oil to the brake from the pressure control unit 341 via line 356 and from the cooler outlet line 714 is blocked by the land a. The brake inlet line .180 is connected to the space between the lands a and b adjacent land a and the exhaust port 761 is located between the lands a and b and adjacent land b. The cooler inlet line 703 is connected to the bore 692 at a point blocked by the land b. Brake outlet line 181 is connected in a space between the lands b and c adjacent land b and vent 704 is connected between the lands b and c adjacent land c.

The land a of valve 691 has a tapered shoulder 706 adjacent the brake inlet line When the brake is applied the valve 691 is moved into the valve bore 692 compressing spring 693. This movement uncovers the secondary line 356 gradually due to the tapered shoulder 706 and provides a gradually increasing flow from the secondary line 356 between land a and b to the brake inlet line 180. At the same time, the brake outlet line 181 is connected between lands b and c to cooler feed line 703 and exhaust ports 701 and 704 are closed. The degree of movement of valve 691 regulates the volume of oil supplied in line 356 to the brake and thus controls the braking effort of the brake. Increasing flow of oil increases the quantity of oil in the brake chamber and the braking effort.

The converter outlet line 101 (FIG. 1) is connected through one-way check valve 712 and cooler inlet line 763 to a cooler 711. Check valve 712 prevents brake outlet oil flowing to the converter. The cooler outlet oil in line 714 flows to secondary line 356 to supply the brake, to the lubricating lines 716 and to front Pitot governor feed 715. The pressure in the lubrication line 716 is regulated by the pressure relief valve 718 and the excess oil is by-passed via line 719 to the sump.

Operatin.-G earing The transmission drive train has a torque converter and a lockup clutch 70 which are used alternatively in conjunction with the transmission gearing, a two ratio splitter unit 115 and a three ratio and reverse unit 190, to provide six forward ratios and reverse. The engine is connected by a conventional flex plate to drive the impeller housing 17 having impeller blades 27 which hydrokinetically drives the turbine 31 having blades 32 and the converter output shaft 59. The stator is the dual type having stator blades 33 and 37 mounted by means of one-way clutches 34 and 38 respectively on ground sleeve 35 provides the reaction for this torque multiplying converter. A converter having a 2.8-to-1 stall ratio is preferred.

The lockup clutch 70 has driving plates 74-79 on the impeller housing 17 and a driven plate 73 connected by disk 58 to converter output shaft 59. When the torque multiplying effect of the torque converter 15 is no longer necessary, the lockup clutch 70 is hydraulically engaged by the motor including cylinder 77 and piston 78 to connect the rotary torque converter 17 to the converter output shaft 59 to provide a direct drive without the slippage and result-ant loss of efficiency of a hydrokinetic torque converter. The Belleville spring piston 78 retracts the motor and disengages the lockup clutch 70 when the pressure in line 90 is released.

The torque converter output shaft 59 drives the ring gear 114 of the splitter gear unit 115. The planetary pinions 1 16 and carrier 117 are mounted on the intermediate shaft 119. The splitter gear unit provides low, an underdrive ratio, when the sun gear 131 is held stationary by ground clutch 136 which is engaged by splitter low motor consisting of piston 139 and cylinder 141 and high, a direct drive, when the sun gear 131 and the carrier 117 are fixed to rotate together by clutch 157 which is engaged by the splitter high motor consisting of cylinder 162 and piston 161.

The splitter gear unit 115 is connected by intermediate shaft 119 to drive the three ratio gear unit which provides high, intermediate, low and reverse ratios. In low ratios, the intermediate shaft 119 drives the sun gear 254 which drives the pinions 252 mounted on the carrier 253 on the final drive shaft 185. The pinions 252 mesh with the fixed reaction ring gear 251 which is held stationary when the low clutch 256 is engaged by low motor consisting of piston 264 and cylinder 267 to drive the final drive shaft 185 in low ratio. In the intermediate ratio which employs the double planetary drive, the in termediate shaft 119 drives sun gears 254 and 228. The low clutch 256 is released and the intermediate clutch 231 applied by intermediate motor including piston 238 and cylinder 239 to hold reaction ring gear 229 which meshes with planetary pinions 227. Sun gear 228 also meshes with pinions 227 and as the sun gear rotates forwardly, the pinions planetate forwardly and rotate the carrier assembly 206 and the ring gear 251 at a slow forward speed. Then the drive from sun gear 254 to pinions 252 and carrier 253 rotates final drive shaft 185 at an intermediate speed due to the fact that the ring gear 251 which was stationary in low is rotating slowly. The high ratio is obtained when the high clutch 195 is engaged by the high motor consisting of piston 208 and cylinder 209 to directly connect the intermediate shaft 119 to the carrier assembly 206 to rotate together and thus lock up the three ratio unit 190 to provide direct drive or high. The reverse gear is provided by ground clutch 292 which is engaged by a reverse motor consisting of piston 301 and cylinder 303 to stop the reaction ring gear 291 which meshes with the planetary pinions 287 on the carrier 288 fixed to the final drive shaft 185. Planetary pinions 287 are driven by sun gear 286 and sleeve 282 connected to the carrier assembly 206. The intermediate shaft 119 through pinions 252 drives the carrier assembly 206 backward which causes sun gear 286 on the carrier assembly to rotate backwards and impart backward rotation to pinions 287 and final drive shaft for reverse. In the three ratio unit when the clutch establishing a ratio is engaged the others are released.

This combination of gearing provides six forward ratios, the first, third and fifth ratios are provided by splitter low of the splitter gear unit in combination with low, intermediate and high ratio of the three ratio unit while the second, fourth and sixth ratios are provided by splitter high of the splitter gear unit in combination with the low, intermediate and high ratios of the three ratio unit. Reverse is provided by splitter low and reverse in the three speed unit. In neutral, though splitter low is engaged, there is no drive through the three speed unit.

Hydraulic controls The manual control unit 427 is employed by the Operator to select one of three automatic ranges, low, intermediate and drive ranges, reverse or neutral. In low range, where the three ratio unit 190 is in low, either first or second ratio is automatically provided, depending on whether the splitter gear unit 115 is automatically positioned in splitter low or high by the governor and throttle actuated splitter shift valve unit 490. When the manual selector valve is positioned in the intermediate range, either third or fourth ratio is automatically provided by a second shift point of the splitter shift valve unit 490 which shifts again under the influence of a different governor control and throttle control to provide either splitter low or high drive in conjunction with intermediate speed in the three ratio unit. In the drive range position of the manual valve, the automatic contral provides third and fourth ratios previously available in intermediate range and, in addition, fifth and sixth ration which are obtained by an automatic shift of the three ratio unit 190 from intermediate to high and a third shift of the splitter shift valve from splitter low to high at a higher speed under the influence of another governor and the throttle pressure.

In the table below, X shows the ratios available in each range and the gear ratio of both the splitter and three ratio unit that is engaged to provide the six transmission ratios. The approximate numerical value of each ratio in converter and lockup drive is also shown.

Gear Ratio Conv.

Ratio Lockup Neutral Lo Rge Int Rge Splitter Gear 3 Speed Unit Direct Drive Under Lo I Drive 

1. IN COMBINATION, AN INPUT ELEMENT, AN OUTPUT ELEMENT, DRIVE MEANS INCLUDING A FLUID DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING A DRIVING CONNECTION BETWEEN SAID INPUT AND OUTPUT ELEMENTS, A PUMP, A REGULATOR VALVE CONTROLLING THE PRESSURE OF THE FLUID DELIVERED BY SAID PUMP, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING FLUID FROM SAID PUMP TO SAID FLUID DEVICE, A HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE HAVING A BRAKE ROTOR ROTATABLE WITH SAID INPUT ELEMENT AND A BRAKING CHAMBER SURROUNDING SAID ROTOR, BRAKE VALVE MEANS FOR SUPPLYING LIQUID TO SAID BRAKING CHAMBER, AND MEANS RESPONSIVE TO THE TORQUE BEING ABSORBED BY SAID HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE FOR ADJUSTING SAID REGULATOR VALVE TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF THE FLUID DELIVERED BY SAID PUMP PROPORTIONAL TO THE TORQUE BEING ABSORBED DURING OPERATION OF SAID HYDRODYNAMIC BRAKE. 